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All People Seem To Need Data Processing
| A | Application |
| P | Presentation (preparation for data transport). Data format (transport in ASCII or BIN) |
| S | Session |
| T | Transport (TCP) |
| N | Network (IP, routers) |
| D | Data (Ethernet), "liaison de données"--> network card |
| P | Physical layer |
IPv4 addresses have 32 bits. Different classes
A. First bit is 0 (0 to 127), first byte is for network: 127 networks.
B. First bits are 10. First two bytes for the network.
C. First bits are 110. First three to identify the network. Used for small sites.
D. First bits are 1110. Used for multicasting, across network.
IPv6 addresses have 128 bits (notation: hex, grouped into bytes)
2001:0db8:0100:f101:0210:a4ff:fee3:9566
Repeating zeroes :0:0:0: can become ::
The addresses are split into a network part (upper 64 bits) and a host part
(lower 64 bits), to facilitate auto-configuration.
The loopback address is 0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0001
(also written ::1). Basically, packets with this address never
leave the host. The IPv4 equivalent is 127.0.0.1
An unspecified address is 0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000
(also written ::). The IPv4 equivalent is 0.0.0.0
IPv4 mapped address:
0:0:0:0:0:ffff:a.b.c.d/96 (compressed ::ffff:a.b.c.d/96)
IPv4 compatible address:
0:0:0:0:0:0:a.b.c.d/96 (compressed ::a.b.c.d/96)
Prefixes use the slash notation.
Using this example 2001:0db8: 100:1:2:3:4:5/48 (48 = 3 * 16)
2001:0db8:0100:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000 <-- Network address
ffff:ffff:ffff:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000 <-- netmask
The first 3 bytes (3*16=48) are the prefix, the rest is local.
Biblio: http://www.tldp.org/HOWTO/html_single/Linux+IPv6-HOWTO/
1. ping 127.0.0.1 --> TCP/IP loaded correctly. Failure: restart system.
2. ping local-compter --> Failure: configure the network configuration locally.
3. ping default-gateway --> Failure: verify IP addr and sub-mask
4. ping remote-host -->
Failure: check that IP routing is enabled
Check that IP address of gateway is OK
Check that remote host is running
5. ping remote-host-name --> Failure: Add to HOSTS file
Next, for NetBIOS, use NET USE or NET VIEW
Or for telnet or ftp, if failure
- Check configuration of telnet or ftp application
- Check permissions on host
- check HOSTS file if connecting using a host name
rsh : session terminal distante non prise en charge
Exécute des commandes sur des hôtes distant exécutant le service RSH.
RSH hôte [-l utilisateur] [-n] commande
| hôte | Hôte distant sur lequel on exécute la commande. |
| -l utilisateur | Nom de l'utilisateur sur l'hôte distant. Si ce nom est omis, le nom d'utilisateur courant est utilisé. |
| -n | Redirige l'entrée de RSH sur NULL. |
| commande | Commande à exécuter. |
Displays and modifies the IP-to-Physical address translation tables used by address resolution protocol (ARP).
| arp -a [inet_addr] [-N if_addr] --> | Displays current ARP entries |
| arp -g --> | Same |
Type arp at command prompt for help
| ping -a destination-list --> | Resolve address to hostname |
| ping -r count destination-list --> | Show route |
ex: ping -a -r 6 456.78.65.35
| ipconfig /? | --> help |
| ipconfig | --> summary |
| ipconfig /all | --> complete info |
| ipconfig /release adaptor | --> for dhcp |
| ipconfig /renew adaptor | --> for dhcp |
For windows 95: winipcfg
Current TCP/IP connections using NetBIOS for TCP/IP
| nbtstat -? | --> help |
| nbtstat -a remotename | --> Show stat for a remote computer |
| nbtstat -A IP-address | --> Show stat for a remote computer |
| nbtstat -c | --> contents of name cache |
| nbtstat -n | --> local name table |
| nbtstat -r | --> statistics of name resolution |
| nbtstat -s | --> sessions |
| nbtstat -letter interval | --> set interval for options above. ^C to stop. |
netstat -? for help
TRACERT target-name
| -d | --> show addresses only |
| -h max-hops | --> limit the hops |
| -w timeout | --> limit timeout |