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Notation for the mean or average: µ for population mean, x (with a bar on top) for sample mean.
The median is the point at which half of the sample has lower values and half has higher values.
The mode is the value that occurs the most frequently.
The standard deviation is a way of measuring the dispersion.
Notation: sigma for population variance/standard deviation, s for sample variance/standard
deviation
When estimating the variance on a sample, the division by n produces a biased estimate. To correct this, (n-1) is used in the denominator instead.
log 2(x) = ln(x)/ln(2)
in general:
logbase b(x) = logbase k(x) / logbase k(b)