PHP and MySQLThese are my personal notes that I use as a quick help in my work.
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Basic script, save with extenion .php
<html> |
PHP tags are <?php ... ?> or <script
language="php">. . .</script> (first form is preferred
because it is recognized by XML or XHTML parsers). Use ";" to separate
instructions. A last ";" is understood in the closing tag "?>".
# comment until end of line
// comment until end of line
/* comment */
Use <?php phpinfo(); ?> to see system information.
Browser information: <?php echo $_SERVER['HTTP_USER_AGENT']; ?>
Use "if":
<?php
if (strpos($_SERVER['HTTP_USER_AGENT'], 'MSIE') !== FALSE) { echo 'Using Internet
Explorer '; }
?>
Forms:
|
--> |
|
$_SERVER and $_POST are auto-global variables. Use
$_GET for GET method. Or use $_REQUEST for either
method. The old variables were $HTTP_*_VARS.
Pour l'installation, voir: http://ch2.php.net/manual/fr/install.php
Install PHP:
Main pitfalls:
max_execution_time in php.ini. set_time_limit(200); every ten lines.
[+-]nn.nn[e[+-]mm] ). Casting (float), (double),
(real)Surround with double-quotes (not single)
ord('a string') gives code of first character in the string
chr(123)
a_string{n}: character at nth position (0 to len-1). Note: curly brackets.
Multiple replacements:
$search = array("\n", "\r", "\t" );
$replace = array(" ", " ", " ");
return str_replace($search, $replace, $the_text);
For escaping quotes, <, and >, also use htmlspecialchars('a string');
string '...', "..", heredoc (see below)
Casting (string). Also use functions gettype and settype
special characters:(0 () \t (tab = char 9) \\
\n |
CR = char 10 (0x0A) | \$ |
$ |
\r |
LF = char 13 (MS uses \r\n sequence) | \" |
|
\t |
tab = char 9 | \123 |
Octal number |
\\ |
backslash | \x1A3 |
Hexadecimal |
heredoc syntax:
$str = <<<eod
Example of a string
that spans several lines
eod;Note that with "..." or heredoc syntax, the variables in the string are replaced by their values (each time a $ is encountered). Complex format is: ${var_name surrounded by rounded brackets}or {$var-name}
Extract char from string with: $a_string{offset}. Offset is 0 to len-1. (ex: $a_string='abc'; echo $a_string{2} ---> 'c').
String length: strlen(a-string)Concatenation: '.' (before: '+')
More string functions: http://ch2.php.net/manual/fr/ref.strings.php
$an_array = array("whatever", 1234, "go up", TRUE); // creates
an array
$an_array[1] // the 2nd element (first element has index
0)
$an_array[] = 'new element' // adds an element at the end of the
array.
$an_array['abc'] = 'new element' // adds an element with key 'abc'.
Index an array with strings (keys):
$an_array = array(one_element => 'whatever', another => 'x')
$an_array[one_element] // returns the element
Multidimensional arrays: $an_array[12][34]
Array functions include: array_merge(), array_slice(), array_shift(), sort()...
see http://ch2.php.net/manual/fr/language.types.array.php
see http://ch2.php.net/manual/fr/language.types.object.php
null : <?php $var = Null; ?> (case insensitive)
Use var_dump() to find the type of a variable.
Use gettype(var) to display the type
Use is_type(var) to test the variable's type: if (is_int(i)) { i += 4;
}Change types with
(cast)var or settype(var)
Variables:
$variable_name (always starts with $, then alphabetic then alphnumeric)
Assign by reference: $ONE_VAR = &$gla; The variable $ONE_VAR
now points to the contents of $gla
$a = "ONE_VAR";
$$a = "hello world";
echo $a ; #--> "ONE_VAR"
echo $$a ; #--> "hello world"
echo $ONE_VAR; #--> "hello world" (equivalent to previous line)
Constant (no $, global by definition, names are case sensitive):
define("DBG", TRUE);
define("A_TEXT", "A text...");
Predefined variables:
Predefined constants (only some):
Watch the difference in scope definition:
<?php $a = 1;
function Test() { echo $a; /* contains null,
not same scope */ }
Test(); ?>
Use of global keyword:
<?php $a = 1;
function Test() { global $a; /* Refer
to global version of $a */
echo $a; }
Test(); ?>
Static variables (the value is assigned at first definition): static
$a=value;Note that the references to static variables may change!
Dynamic variables:
$var_to_hold_var_name = 'a_variable_name'; $$var_to_hold_var_name = 'whatever';
// equivalent to '$a_variable_name = 'whatever';'
$a = 1; # Simple assignement with = (no colon)
$b = ($a=1); # --> $a and $b are assigned 1
$b = $a = 1; # --> $a and $b are assigned 1, parsed right to
left
$a++; ++$a;
$a += 3;
>, >=, <, <=== (equal)!=, <> (not equal)=== (equal AND same type, for arrays: same elements in the
same order), !== (not equal or not same type)Arithmetic: + - * / % (modulus)
Bitwise operators: & (and), | (or), ^ (xor), ~ (not, unary), << (shift left), >> (shift right)
Logical operators: and && (different precedences),
or || (different precedences), xor, ! (not, unary)
Ignore errors: @expression
Execution operator: `` (backticks, not single-quotes): equivalent to shell_exec.
Concatenation: '.' (period), '.=' (concatenating assignment operator)
Array: + (union, right-hand written into left-hand except for duplicate values that remain the same).
$a_variable instanceof A_class: is $a an instance of class A_class
?
Ternary conditional operator: cond ? if-true : if-false;
Note:
if ('') --> false
if (!'') --> true
if ('str') --> true
if (!'str') --> false
if (0) --> false
if (!0) --> true
if (1) --> true
if (!1) --> false
| Associativity | Operators |
|---|---|
new |
|
|
>>>
|
[ |
++ -- |
|
! ~ - (int) (float) (string) (array) (object) @ |
|
| <<< | * / % |
| <<< | + - . |
| <<< | << >> |
< <= > >= |
|
== != === !== |
|
| <<< | & |
| <<< | ^ |
| <<< | | |
| <<< | && |
| <<< | || |
| <<< | ? : |
|
>>>
|
= += -= *= /= .= %= &= |= ^= <<= >>= |
| <<< | and Note: = has higher precedence |
| <<< | xor Note: = has higher precedence |
| <<< | or Note: = has higher precedence |
| <<< | , |
"=" has higher precedence than "and", "or", and "xor". $x = false or true; assigns false to $x. Use $x = false || true; instead
ternary conditional operator (see expressions and operators)
cond ? if-true : if-false;
if elseif else (note that "else if" with a space is nested):
if (cond) {
statement;
} elseif (cond) {
statement;
} else {
statement;
}
Another syntax that allows ending the php tag and putting html:
if (cond):
statements;
# or html:
?> ..... <?php
elseif (cond):
statements; # or html
else:
statements; # or html
endif;
switch ($i) {
case 0: echo "i equals 0"; break;
case 1: echo "i equals 1"; break;
case 2: echo "i equals 2"; break
case -2:
case -1: echo "i < 0"; break;
default: ...; }
Remember the breaks
while (expr) statement
while (expr):
statement
break; # --> exit the loop
statement
endwhile;
do {
statements;
break; # --> exit the loop
statements;
} while (cond);
for (start expr; cond; end-of-loop expr) {
statements;
break; # --> exit the loop
statements;
}
for ($i=0; $i<10; print $i, $i++) {...}
for (expr1; expr2; expr3):
statements
endfor;
Note: separate expressions with comma
foreach ($an_array as $variable) {
statements;
break; # --> exit the loop
statements;
}
foreach ($an_array as $key => $variable)
statement
continue [n]
Use in the same places as "break", but to end loop then to continue
at the start of the new loop.
The parameter n is optional and indicates the number of nested loops to exit.
The parameter n is therefore 1 by default.
In a switch, "continue 1" is equivalent to "break".
However, "continue 2" exits the switch and any existing
loop at the next level.
declare (ticks=1) statement
include (file-name-or-variable-containing-file-name)
require (file-name-or-variable-containing-file-name)
Include and evaluate a given file.
Include produces a warning in case of failure; require produces a fatal error
in case of failure.
include_once (file-name-or-variable-containing-file-name)
require_once (file-name-or-variable-containing-file-name)
Include and evaluate a file only once
Add this before the statement to define the path:
include_path="/php/includes"
For files in the current directory, "./file_name" in the include statement is more efficient.
function foo($arg_1, $arg_2, &$arg_by_reference, ... $arg_n=default_value)
{
statements;
return $retval;
}
Default values only useful in arguments at the end.
Argument by reference with ampersand.
Use & to indicate argument by reference
global $a_variable; tells the function to use a variable declared outside the
function; note however that if the value is modified, the "original" value is
changed, meaning that a copy is not made.
Conditional functions:
if ($makefoo) {
function foo() {
...echo "I don't exist until program execution reaches
me.\n";
}
}
Function inside function:
function foo() {
function bar() {
...
}
}
Function names are case-insensitive
return;
return expr;
End execution of function and return the value.
See http://ch2.php.net/manual/en/language.oop.php
Need this in php.ini:
extension=php_pdo.dll
extension=php_sqlite.dll
Correct location of temporary folder: putenv('TMP=C:/temp');
Connection:
try {$dbh = new PDO("sqlite:database_file.db3"); }
catch(PDOException $e) { echo $e->getMessage(); }
Create database in memory: $db = new PDO("sqlite::memory");
For MySQL: $dbh = new PDO("mysql:host=$hostname;dbname=mysql", $username, $password);
For ODBC: $dbh = new PDO("odbc:Driver={Microsoft Access Driver (*.mdb)};Dbq=C:\...\a.mdb;Uid=Admin");
close the database connection: $dbh = null;
Execute a statement:
$count = $dbh->exec("INSERT INTO animals(animal_type, animal_name) VALUES ('kiwi', 'troy')");
echo $count;
Query:
foreach ($dbh->query($sql) as $row)
{ print $row['one column'] .' - '. $row['another column'] . '<br />'; }
continue with http://www.phpro.org/tutorials/Introduction-to-PHP-PDO.html at the section on fetch modes.
round(), floor(), ceil()gettype()settype(int) or (integer)strlen(a-string)strval(...)get_class(..)string strtr ( string str, string from, string to) int substr_count ( string haystack, string needle) int strpos ( string haystack, string needle [, int offset]) 0 === strpos($h, $n) to test if the first parameter starts with the secondstrpos(strA, strB)substr(str, start_pos [,length])string substr_replace ( string str, string replacement, int start
[, int length]) trimstring str_pad ( string input, int pad_length [, string pad_string
[, int pad_type]]) strtolower ( string str), strtoupper ( string str) string trim ( string str [, string charlist]) htmlspecialchars($a_variable, ENT_QUOTES)addslashes(str)"select ... where x='" . SQLite3::escapeString(str) . "';"base64_decode -- Decode MIME base64
base64_encode -- Encode MIME base64
get_headers -- Return the headers from an HTTP request
get_meta_tags -- Extract metadata tags from an HTML file
http_build_query -- Generate a request in encoded URL
parse_url -- Parse a URL
rawurldecode -- Decode a URL string
rawurlencode -- Encode URL string according to RFC 1738
urldecode -- Decode URL
urlencode -- Encode URL Redirection:
header("location:http://www.phpeasystep.com");
or
echo "<meta http-equiv='refresh' content='0;url=http://www.phpeasystep.com'>";
Reference manual on-line:
http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.0/en/index.html
Installation:
mysql_install_db script if on UNIX for creating the data directory and the grant tablesInstallation on Ubuntu:
sudo apt install mysql-server/etc/mysql/debian.cnf". The mysql superadmin account is "debian-sys-maint"mysql -u debian-sys-maint -p (you may have to do sudo mysql ...)mysql -u root -p (no password)ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY '....';information_schema, performance_schema, sys, mysql/etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d/mysqld.cnf/etc/mysql/my.cnf in earlier versions)If MySQL is defined as a service, then start and stop the service.
To remove the MySQL service:
"C:\Program Files\MySQL\MySQL Server 5.0\bin\mysqld-nt.exe" --remove
Some values for mysql.ini:
Check that the host allows database accounts with the following rights:
SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, CREATE, DROP, INDEX, ALTER, CREATE TEMPORARY
TABLES, LOCK TABLES.
Create the MySQL database
In easyphp: entered the admin. SQLadmin actually shows on the same line as
phpadmin
in the sqladmin, created a new database drupaldb with utf8_bin: best is to use
the use the create db option in databases tab
CREATE DATABASE 'drupaldb' DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_unicode_ci;
drop user 'drupal_username'@'localhost';
CREATE USER drupal_username@localhost IDENTIFIED BY 'drupal_username_pw';
GRANT USAGE ON *.* TO drupal_username@localhost IDENTIFIED BY 'drupal_username_pw'
WITH MAX_QUERIES_PER_HOUR 0 MAX_CONNECTIONS_PER_HOUR 0 MAX_UPDATES_PER_HOUR
0 MAX_USER_CONNECTIONS 0 ;
GRANT SELECT , INSERT , UPDATE , DELETE , CREATE , DROP , FILE, INDEX ,
ALTER, CREATE TEMPORARY TABLES, LOCK TABLES, --(in the part on the right if
in GUI)
CREATE VIEW ,SHOW VIEW ,CREATE ROUTINE, ALTER ROUTINE, EXECUTE
ON drupaldb.* TO drupal_username@localhost;
I also did:
SET PASSWORD FOR 'root'@ 'localhost' = PASSWORD( '******' )
Don't do it again. I had to reinstall easyPHP
delete from user; (quite radical, isn't it)grant all privileges on *.* to the_new_user@localhost
identified by password 'something' with grant option;Best practises:
pw groupadd mysqlg
pw useradd mysqlu -c "MySQL Server" -d /dev/null -g mysqlg -s /sbin/nologinSee more at http://www.securityfocus.com/infocus/1726 and http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.0/en/security-against-attack.html and http://www.builderau.com.au/program/mysql/soa/Six-steps-to-secure-sensitive-data-in-MySQL/0,339028784,339266102,00.htm
mysqldump -uthe_user_name -p -hlocalhost [options] the_db_name > dump_file
The name of database after the options (or --all-database, but beware of a restore that will try to restore the system tables: backup database by database instead). Use root or debian-sys-maint.
Put password in a separate file then do -p`cat a_file` (with backticks, and no space after -p)
Restore by executing the queries in the dump file, or doing cat dump_file | mysql -u debian-sys-maint -p`cat the_file`.
$conn=odbc_connect('odbc_connection','username','pw', 'optional cursor
type');
if (!$conn)
{exit("Connection Failed: " . $conn);}
$sql="SELECT * FROM customers";
$rs=odbc_exec($conn,$sql);
if (!$rs)
{exit("Error in SQL");}
while (odbc_fetch_row($rs, optional_row_number))
{
$first_column = odbc_result($rs,1);
$a_variable = odbc_result($rs,"the_field_name");
}
odbc_close($conn);
More details, see http://us2.php.net/odbc
DOS Command Line:
cd C:\....\xampp\mysql\bin
mysql.exe --help
| Sample code for connecting to database |
|---|
<script language="php">
|
Connect to a running database with:
mysql -h localhost -u root -p
The more general syntax is (note that the -p requires the password to follow
without a space. What follows the space is the database on the server):
mysql -h the_host -u the_user -p the_database
For more recent installations, see under "installation": mysql -u debian-sys-maint -p
Get information about the database:
show databases;
select database(), user(), version();
select host, user, password from mysql.user;
Some basic commands:
show databases;use the_databaseselect database();create database a_db;SELECT table_schema, table_name, table_type FROM information_schema.tables WHERE table_schema = 'MYSQL';
ADODB - database abstraction library for PHP
http://adodb.sourceforge.net/
http://phplens.com/lens/adodb/tute.htm
http://adodb.sourceforge.net/#docs
Functions
Wildcards: % and _ (percent sign and underscore)
To load from a tab-delimited file, use:
LOAD DATA LOCAL INFILE 'C:\\the_path...\\the_data.txt'
INTO TABLE the_data
LINES TERMINATED BY '\r\n';
Use "\N" in the data file to indicate a null.
Escape the quotes: \' and \"
See users who have logged in:
select host, user from mysql.user;
Create a user:
CREATE USER 'a_user'@'localhost' [IDENTIFIED BY 'password'];
GRANT ALL ON db_name.* TO 'a_user'@'localhost' [WITH GRANT OPTION];
Set the password on Windows (the_user_name is blank for the anonymous user):
SET PASSWORD FOR 'the_user_name'@'localhost' = PASSWORD('newpwd'); (only local connection) (connection from any server)
SET PASSWORD FOR 'the_user_name'@'%' = PASSWORD('newpwd');
Set the password on UNIX (the_user_name is blank for the anonymous user):
SET PASSWORD FOR 'the_user_name'@'localhost' = PASSWORD('newpwd');
SET PASSWORD FOR 'the_user_name'@'the_host_name' = PASSWORD('newpwd');
Get the host hame from: select host, user from mysql.user;
Another option for setting the password is (the_user_name is blank for the anonymous user):
UPDATE mysql.user SET Password = PASSWORD('newpwd') WHERE User = 'the_user_name';
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
The FLUSH PRIVILEGES forces MySQL to read the grant tables.
Delete a user:
DELETE FROM mysql.user WHERE Host={'localhost' | 'the_host_name'} AND User = 'the_user_name';
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
The users are defined by their username and their host. The host is a hostname, "localhost" or an IP address.
Privileges are determined for connection and for executing statements.
mysql_connect ( 'localhost:3306', 'username', 'pw'[, bool new_link [, int client_flags]] )
Modify these files:
RewriteBase /mykohana3 in the .htaccess fileKohana::init,
change the base url, and add 'index_file'=>''
Reload the page. Should see "hello world"
Try this:
http://support.bryght.com/adminguide/how-to/dynamic-web20-brochure-site-in-an-hour
read http://drupal.org/node/165706 : Using the theme layer (Drupal 6.x)
continue page 17
When working with style sheets, make sure CSS aggregation is disabled.
It is located in "Administer > Site configuration > Performance".
When it is enabled, any alterations will not be reflected on your site until
the aggregated styles are cleared. You can enable it again when you're done.
The .info file is cached. Adding or removing any styles will not be noticed
until it is cleared. (Do not confuse this with the theme registry.)
To have it cleared, do one of the following:
cache_page table ("delete from cache_page").Show active menu item
.menu .leaf .active {border:1px solid #D2691E;}
Dropdown menus:
http://drupal.org/node/190263
Installation
composer require drush/drush , then call Drush via vendor/bin/drush. Some links
Protect user id 1 account (uid1). Do not use it for regular users
When defining the automatic email that goes out to new users,
!username, !site, and !date are placeholders
See more at http://drupal.org/node/132202
all defined users also get the permissions for authenticated users
Authenticated user should get all that an anonymous user has, plus more
Create roles for specific modules or types of users
Assign combinations of roles to the users
see modules to enable funcationality
see administer > content management to configure the modules
see create content
see administer > user management > permissions to configure permissions
by role
The type of content that users can create is determined in
user management > permissions > node module
Content types
See Home > Administer > Content management
For book, in workflow settings, choose "Published", "Create new revision"
Enable the attachments
Look at existing content in
Home > Administer > Content management
Here, see new content that has to be published.
Publish both by setting the "published" option and by defining a menu label
An input format is an ordered collection of filters. Filters modify a text.
Many options, such as filtering out un-wanted HTML tags.
The original text is saved in the database
The core filters are:
See site configuration > input formats
Then choose which filters to apply when defining content
I can use an HTML filter in another input format and define a separate list of tags
Containers and forums are inside each other
Publish at least one forum to see the menu appear
Comments are added to nodes. Comments are a different content type.
Comments are possible in many places.
You can view all comments to unpublish or delete. Unpublish keeps but hides
unpublished comments are in the approval queue (see upper right)
Each content type has different default settings for the associated comments
See each content type separately
Seems best for small news articles.
create new book pages: create content >> book page.
administer individual books (choose a book from list): administer >> content >> books.
set workflow and other global book settings at administer >> settings >> content types >> book page.
enable the book navigation block: administer >> block.
control who can create, edit, and maintain book pages at administer >> access control.
Attachements in a book page show as a list of attachments
enable/disable uploads for individual content types at administer >> settings >> content types.
administer storage location of uploaded files at administer >> settings in the File system settings area.
configure file size, file extensions, and other user role defaults at administer >> settings >> file uploads.
control who can upload and view attached files at administer >> access control.
Filters:
External Links
Gotcha - Contact Spam Catcher: makes a form more resistent to spam
Comment forms, contact forms and signup pages are all susceptible to spam.
- Comment Moderation
made simpler via the contributed module called Notify.
- CAPTCHA
- Anti-Spam Services
typically need to sign up with the service for a free API key which allows you to
send requests to their servers.
Use default views based on taxonomy:
Display the one of the nodes for the term,
copy the path that accompanies every node,
and make a menu item out of it.
Created a sub-directory html under www: www/html
Sub-directory name: build the new directory name from the site's URL. For example 'sites/example.com/settings.php' (omit the 'www.' if users access site at http://example.com/).
Installed the database: see Drupal MySQL
In the database defiition: add the database host in the advanced options
For server permissions, set the following at the beginning of the process:
chmod o+w sites/default/files
chmod o+w sites/default/setting.php
After the database creation, protect the setting.php file with read-only
permissions (the installation process will prompt you):
chmod 444 sites/default/settings.php
See also http://drupal.org/server-permissions
Copy the 'default' directory and modify the 'settings.php' file as appropriate. Build the new directory name from the site's URL.
When using a non-standard port, the port number is treated as the deepest sub domain. In the case http://www.example.com:8080/, the sub-directory is sites/8080.www.example.com/.
Removed a line in the database backup
First created the database with the phpadmin gui (see in MySQL notes): imported the script using the import on the target database
Restored the database by executing the sql backup file in the phpadmin gui. Upload the complete SQL file instead of pasting the contents in the window. See the import tab.
Moved the files to the drupal directory
In sites/default/settings.php:
$db_url = 'mysql://drupal_username:the_pw@localhost/the_drupaldb';
$base_url = 'http://localhost/drupal';
I can see the main page, but the menus do not work. It is because I have to add the as ?q=
If file system is private or outside the path, then define the new path in Home > Administer > Site configuration > File system. See also "File System" further below in this section.
Language: enable the language module then configure in http://website/admin/settings/language. Add language from drop down.
The general layout is defined both in "blocks" (http://website/admin/build/block), in the configuration of individual themes, and in http://website/admin/build/themes/settings
sites/default/settings.php file to point to
the correct url $base_url = 'http://www.website.ml/drupal';.htaccess file moved with the Drupal
rootEnable it if possible. I could not on my PC
(If stuck and can't return to previous configuration, go here: ?q=admin/settings/clean-urls)
Create a page (create content > page)
Note the link
In the error reporting page, set the 404 page to the link above
public is recommended
If private, the path should be outside of the document root.
Put fully qualified path
The directory must be writable: chmod a+w .
Also temp dir
Test uploading: enable the upload module in the modules section.
The temporary directory is defined in
Home > Administer > Site configuration > File system
Create a file called favicon.ico in the Windows Icon (.ico) format. put the file in the root of drupal and in the misc folder.
Recommended modules
Some references
Installing Modules
It looks like image module allows better management of the thumbnail on the teaser and bigger picture in the main story, whereas imce allows ckeditor to make a nice page.
help with image cache:
http://drupal.org/node/224913
http://drupal.org/node/163561
Image module with Image assist, the Gallery module, and Acidfree
Also see:
Two downloads are necessary:
For the component, go to the CKeditor homepage
http://www.ckeditor.net/download
to download the latest version.
Extract the files to
sites/all/modules/ckeditor/ckeditor/
and make sure that the directory sites/all/modules/ckeditor/ckeditor/editor
and the file sites/all/modules/ckeditor/ckeditor/ckeditor.js exist.
Refer to the readme.txt for more information.
The correct directory structure is:
modules
ckeditor
ckeditor.module
ckeditor
_samples
editor
COPY_HERE.txt
ckconfig.js
...
Documentation in http://docs.ckeditor.net/ckeditor/Users_Guide.
Also, see small reference.
Configure in: Administer > Site configuration > CKEditor
Note that config.php at
sites\all\modules\fckeditor\fckeditor\editor\filemanager\connectors\php
does not like the aliases that I set up with XAMPP. It worked better in prod where there were no aliases.
Make sure that security is set up in the file: $Config['Enabled'] = true ;
Background for the editor: In the CKEditor profiles (I guess each profile), under "CSS". For "Editor CSS", choose CKEditor default
Define the ckeditor permissions in both places:
access ckeditor permission in http://website/admin/user/permissions
assign ckeditor roles to the drupal roles
First define the profiles in IMCE.
CKEditor and IMCE: In the CKEditor profiles
(I guess each profile), under "File Browser Setting".
Choose IMCE in File browser type drop-down (Image dialog)
You may have to add the <img> tag to the input filter.
Galleries under content management
"Image" is also a content type
See "image toolkit" under Administer > Site configuration > Image toolkit
and "images" under Administer > Site configuration > Images
In each of the existing content types (page, story, or other),
enable the ability to attach images
The images are stored in the directory defined in "filesystem", which is in the sub-directory defined in "site configuration > images"
I guess there is an implicit view: the link shows at the bottom of
one of the pages displaying an image: ...image/tid/3
xampp admin is in http://localhost/xampp/
Location of configuration files . Also has other tips.
Security: http://localhost/security/
In Xampp
CREATE DATABASE 'the_database_name' DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_unicode_ci;
Create user the_user_name/the_password
SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE,
CREATE, DROP, INDEX, ALTER, CREATE TEMPORARY TABLES,
LOCK TABLES (in the part on the right)
CREATE USER 'the_user_name'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY '*****';
GRANT SELECT , INSERT ,UPDATE ,DELETE ,CREATE ,DROP ,FILE ,INDEX ,ALTER ,CREATE TEMPORARY TABLES ,
LOCK TABLES ,CREATE VIEW ,SHOW VIEW ,CREATE ROUTINE, ALTER ROUTINE,
EXECUTE ON * . * TO 'the_user_name'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY '*****'
WITH MAX_QUERIES_PER_HOUR 0 MAX_CONNECTIONS_PER_HOUR 0 MAX_UPDATES_PER_HOUR 0 MAX_USER_CONNECTIONS 0 ;
imported the script using the import on the target database
The page http://drupal.org/node/75537 gives suggestions on installing drupal with xampp
Defined %your_drupal_files% as C:\chris_bis\projects\barpcv\wwwroot
Edit C:\chris_bis\projects\barpcv\wwwroot\sites\default\settings.php
$db_url = 'mysql://drupaluser:dr123@localhost/the_database_with_drupal_tables';
$base_url = 'http://localhost/drupal';
Edited
...\xampp\apache\conf\extra\httpd-xampp.conf
Alias /drupal "...\wwwroot/"
<directory "...\wwwroot">
AllowOverride All
# AllowOverride All FileInfo changed Nov 26
# AllowOverride AuthConfig FileInfo
Order allow,deny
Allow from all
#AllowOverride AuthConfig FileInfo The AuthConfig did not seem to work.
</directory>
Edited ...\xampp\apache\conf\httpd.conf
Uncommented the line with "LoadModule rewrite_module modules/mod_rewrite.so"
Edited ...\wwwroot\.htaccess
Uncommented the list:
RewriteBase /drupal
In local XAMPP, set the local directory to "tmp_files" in
Home > Administer > Site configuration > File system
admin/settings/file-system
which corresponds to ....\wwwroot\tmp_files
Have to use version 1.7.1 of xampp, because of compatibility between PHP version and drupal
I had to edit the file [path_to_xampp]/apache/conf/httpd.conf.
See http://drupal.org/node/43545
Move the line and remove the # at the beginning:
LoadModule rewrite_module modules/mod_rewrite.so
to just above or below
#LoadModule cache_module modules/mod_cache.so
If the mod_rewrite change does not work, you also need to check that AllowOverride All is set for the directory Drupal is in. Do this in httpd.conf or extra/httpd-xampp.conf
When downloading a new site, you must keep the hidden .htaccess file too
Link: http://drupal.org/node/55610
Primary/Secondary Navigation
administer >> themes
only way to add horizontal navigation without directly embedding it in the template.
not consistent among templates or Drupal versions: text area in the
template to enter HTML or fields are given for menu text and link targets.
Some templates provide the CSS to create a tabbed look if you use <ul>/<li> markup
Breadcrumbs do not work
The Menu Module (part of Drupal base installation, called core)
external websites not always supported
Breadcrumbs do work down to the content level. reflect the menu hierarchy except at the final content page
The Book Module
hierarchical organization module, making it an option for site navigation.
Breadcrumbs work
Taxonomy
not navigation, but a classification system
Hard-Coded HTML Block
administer menus at administer >> menus.
add a menu at administer >> menus.
add a menu item at administer >> menus >> add menu item.
modify menu settings (in particular, to specify a menu to use for primary or secondary links) at administer >> settings >> menus.
manage menu blocks at administer >> blocks.
The navigation menu does not appear in the barpcv sub theme. I can't figure out why.
I started modifying the barpcv.css
Is it because there is no content yet?
Will I have to overwrite the page template?
Menus
Three default menus
Add more in
administer > site building > menus > menus
They only show when you tell where in the blocks it should appear
In the settings:
default menu for content: this is where new content appears by default
The path
<front>
refers to the front page. Set the parent to one of the menus. Expanded makes no sense since you only want the front page
The primary links are displayed in the upper right by default in the default theme, but this depends on the theme.
The primary links may not even be displayed!
Secondary links can be set the source for secondary links to be the primary links. Then the children of any selected
primary link item will show in the secondary links
I did this. The secondary links in the header did this behavior. But not the secondary links on the side bar (which I added)
I added an item on all menus to adminstrate that menu
Note that on the DHTML menu, repeating a link makes it show both as a parent item and a child of itself
This is important because clicking on the main link just opens and closes it and does not lead to a page with DHTML
shown in Home > Administer > Site configuration > Site information
The part in the text box is the relative address
This defines the default page
..../?q=forum in the link for a given page means put the part after the = sign in the path
menu:
put many of the items as sub-items so that the menu fits on one line put secondary menu in the header. the header is actually the top part of the main section
Set:
Source for secondary links: primary links (in drop down)
In Home > Administer > Site building > Menus
Primary links and Secondary links are also enabled at the theme level: see the theme configuration
Editing
C:\chris_bis\projects\barpcv\wwwroot\sites\all\themes\a3_atlantis\style.css
The process of installing a theme is very similar to the process of installing a new module with two key
differences. First, you upload the theme to the 'sites/all/themes' folder on your webserver. Second, in
order to activated the new theme you need to click on the Themes link under the Site Building section.
Once there you should see a list of all the available themes for your site.
Drupal allows you to have multiple themes enabled at any given time, but only one can be the default
theme. Users that are not logged in will always see the default theme when they visit the site. So take a
second after making theme changes to ensure you have the proper theme set as the default theme.
Zen theme
See http://drupal.org/node/201428
Upgrade the theme:
If you are replacing the Zen theme on a live server, place your site in maintenance mode.
Download the latest Zen from http://drupal.org/project/zen
Remove the zen folder from your Drupal installation.
Unpack the downloaded file and place the new zen folder in your Drupal installation
in the same place as the previous zen theme used to be.
Turn off maintenance mode.
Sub-themes:
zen and your sub-theme will be installed in sites/all/themes/
To clear the theme registry, do one of the following things:
Clear button located at "Administer > Site configuration > Performance".
With devel block enabled (comes with devel module), click the "Empty cache" link.
The API function drupal_rebuild_theme_registry.
the image file path starts with sites/all/....
The following are also enabled at the theme level: see the theme configuration:
Enable or disable the "submitted by Username on date" text when displaying posts in the configuration page of the themes.
Backup a database in phpadmin
Backup a database on command line
mysqldump -uroot_user -p the_database_name > the_file_name.sql
(No spaces between the letter in the option and the content. Empty -p option for
password forces a prompt for the password.
http://www.pair.com/support/knowledge_base/authoring_development/using_mysql.html
Get the password from the $db_url parameter in sites/default/settings.php file
See also Drupal - Installation.
uncompress *.Ztar -xvf *.tarcp -R * /usr/www/users/web-site-name/drupalPreparation
lynx <<link to file>>gunzip ...tar.gztar -xvf ...tar cd drupal...
rm -R sites
rm .htaccess
rm robots.txtThis is the actual update
rm -R includes
rm -R misc
rm -R modules
rm -R profiles
rm -R scripts
rm -R themes
rm *.php
rm CHANGELOG.txt
rm COPYRIGHT.txt
rm INSTALL.mysql.txt
rm INSTALL.pgsql.txt
rm INSTALL.txt
rm LICENSE.txt
rm MAINTAINERS.txt
rm UPGRADE.txt
ls -la
The modules are installed in sites\all\modules.
The files for the general installation of Drupal contain
no files for
sites/all/modulessites/all/themessites/defaultView watchdog logs at Administer >> Logs >> Recent log entries (admin/logs/watchdog).
Configure the length of time logs are archived at Administer >> Site configuration >> Error reporting (admin/settings/error-reporting).